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花了一個上午的時間研究nginx+tomcat的負載均衡測試，集群環境搭建比較順利，但是session同步的問題折騰了幾個小時才搞定，現把我的過程貼上來，以備用。
軟件及環境是：
虛擬機上裝centos 5.5
IP為：192.168.0.51 裝上nginx和tomcat 6.0.32 命名為 Tomcat1
一臺win7上裝tomcat 6.0.32 IP為：192.168.0.50 命名為 Tomcat2

首先裝nginx，我是參照http://blog.s135.com/nginx_php_v6/ 配了一個Nginx + PHP（FastCGI）環境，然后再加上Tomcat的轉發。
我的nginx.conf 修改如下

#######################################################################

# This is the main Nginx configuration file.

# More information about the configuration options is available on

# * the English wiki - http://wiki.nginx.org/Main

# * the Russian documentation - http://sysoev.ru/nginx/

#######################################################################

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Main Module - directives that cover basic functionality

# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpMainModule

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

user nginx;

worker_processes 8;

error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;

#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;

#error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log info;

pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

# Events Module

# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpEventsModule

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

events {

worker_connections 10240;

}

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

# HTTP Core Module

# http://wiki.nginx.org/NginxHttpCoreModule

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

http {

include /etc/nginx/mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '

'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '

'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32K;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

#keepalive_timeout 0;

keepalive_timeout 65;

#gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.1;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

upstream tserver {

server 192.168.0.51:8080 weight=1;

server 192.168.0.50:8080 weight=1;

}

# The default server

server {

listen 80;

server_name _;

#charset koi8-r;

#access_log logs/host.access.log main;

location ~ .*\.(php|php5)?$

{

root /www/ROOT;

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ \.(jsp|jspx|do|htm)?$ {

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_pass http://tserver;#轉向tomcat處理

}

location ~ (/dwr/)? {

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_pass http://tserver;#轉向tomcat處理

}

location / {

root /www/ROOT;

index index.html index.jsp default.jsp index.do default.do;

}

error_page 404 /404.html;

location = /404.html {

root /www/ROOT;

}

# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html

error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

location = /50x.html {

root /www/ROOT;

}

# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80

#location ~ \.php$ {

# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;

# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000

#location ~ \.php$ {

# root html;

# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

# fastcgi_index index.php;

# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;

# include fastcgi_params;

# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root

# concurs with nginx's one

#location ~ /\.ht {

# deny all;

}

# Load config files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory

include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;

}

下一步是配置Tomcat集群。分別打開tomcat1和tomcat2下conf中server.xml
< Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
< !-- Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080 -->
< Connector port="8080" maxHttpHeaderSize="8192"
maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"
enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" acceptCount="100"
connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" />
< !-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
< Connector port="8009" enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8443" protocol="AJP/1.3" />

找到<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">
Tomcat1下的修改為<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat1">
Tomcat2下的修改為<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="tomcat2">

tomcat1找到
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
修改為

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"

channelSendOptions="6">

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

<!--

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"

mapSendOptions="6"/>

-->

<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"

address="228.0.0.5"

bind="192.168.0.51"

port="45564"

frequency="500"

dropTime="3000"/>

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"

address="192.168.0.51"

autoBind="100"

port="4001"

selectorTimeout="100"

maxThreads="6"/>

</Sender>

</Channel>

</Cluster>

tomcat2找到
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
修改為

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"

channelSendOptions="6">

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>

<!--

<Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.BackupManager"

expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"

notifyListenersOnReplication="true"

mapSendOptions="6"/>

-->

<Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"

address="228.0.0.5"

bind="192.168.0.50"

port="45564"

frequency="500"

dropTime="3000"/>

<Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"

address="192.168.0.50"

autoBind="100"

port="4000"

selectorTimeout="100"

maxThreads="6"/>

</Sender>

</Channel>

</Cluster>

還需要在程序的web.xml里面</web-app>前面加入以下這句話
<distributable/>
session同步到這里設置完畢

服務器的啟動順序如下:
tomcat1 --> |tomcat2 --> |nginx
先啟動tocmat1,等tomcat1啟動完全的時候再啟動tomcat2，等兩個tocmat全啟動之后，再啟動nginx

負載的時候可以用APACHE或NGINX，如果什么都不用，兩臺一接防問了話，可能會出錯極session不同步的問題，網上也很多人介意不要做seeeion同步，這樣會降低機器的性能，有一個方法可以，就是NGINX的ip_hash,這樣至少可以保證客戶端去防問同一臺TOCMAT，除非那臺TOCMAT掛了

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linux+nginx+tomcat負載均衡，實現session同步

linux+nginx+tomcat負載均衡，實現session同步

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